The Effect of Public Disclosures on Patent Filings
In general, a patent application for an invention should be filed at the patent office before the invention is disclosed to the public. Otherwise the public disclosure is considered “prior art” to the patent application and will be taken into account by the patent office examiner when considering whether the claimed invention meets the novelty and non-obviousness requirements of patentability. In most countries, the patent office will refuse to grant the corresponding patent based on lack of novelty or obviousness if the claimed invention was disclosed to the public prior the filing date of the patent.
Some select countries operate “grace periods” that permit a patent applicant to file a patent application within a certain window of time after publicly disclosing their invention. If the patent application is filed within the time window, the earlier disclosure is not considered prior art to the patent application.
Below is a non-exhaustive list of countries that permit a 12-month grace period, assuming the disclosure is made under the circumstances defined under each country’s specific patent laws:
- Algeria
- Argentina
- Australia
- Brazil
- Canada
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Japan*
- Mexico
- South Korea
- Turkey
- United States
* applies to disclosures made on or after December 9, 2017
Below is a non-exhaustive list of countries that permit a 6-month grace period, given the disclosure is made under certain circumstances:
- Albania
- Austria
- Belgium
- China
- Germany
- Russia
Because grace period provisions differ from country to country, a careful assessment of the details of the disclosure must be made in each case and after consulting with legal counsel to determine whether or not the grace period applies. The United States and select other countries (including Canada) are unique in that their 12-month grace period broadly applies to any disclosures of the invention made by the inventor himself or any third party. Most countries that offer grace periods define very specific circumstances in which the grace period is triggered. In China and Germany, for example, the 6-month grace period applies in the specific circumstances where the public disclosure is a display of the invention at an officially recognized exhibition.
For more information regarding the countries that permit grace period filings and a summary of the circumstances under which the grace periods apply, please review the October 2019 WIPO report available here: 2019.10 WIPO Grace Period Summary